Military Industrial Base: A Short History by Lt Gen Jastej Singh Matharu
Why Military Power Begins Long Before the Battlefield: A Review of Military Industrial Base: A Short History
Surya Narayana Murti
Air Vice Marshal Surya Narayana Murti superannuated from Indian Air Force after distinguished service of 38 years in the Aeronautical Engineering Branch. He is a professional with M.Tech. (Computer Science & Engineering) from IIT Madras, Chennai and have more than 40 years of experience in Maintenance of Aircrafts. He served on various capacities in IAF including Commanding officer of AN-32 repair Depot. He held the appointment of Assistant Chief of Air Staff (engineering) at Air Headquarters. He provided support to Indian contingent at UN Peace keeping Missions in Congo and Sudan. He has wide experience in aircraft Life Extensions, New Inductions and Upgrades of various types of Helicopters and Transport Aircraft. Post retirement he served as Chief of Operations of IndAmer Mjets Airport Services Pvt Ltd, at New Delhi, for more than 3 years. For his distinguished service he was awarded Visisht Seva Medal by the president of India.
TURNING BLUE SKIES GREEN: POLICY, TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF AVIATION
Aviation’s environmental impact extends beyond flight operations, with Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) playing a critical role in emissions across the aircraft lifecycle. Engine degradation, aerodynamic inefficiencies, and excess weight increase fuel burn, while predictive and condition-based maintenance restore efficiency and reduce emissions. Digital MRO, sustainable materials, and green infrastructure further support decarbonization. Lifecycle decisions—whether to extend aircraft life or replace with newer models—must balance operational efficiency against embedded carbon. Regulators increasingly integrate environmental standards into maintenance practices. Overall, a data-driven, sustainability-focused MRO approach is essential to achieving meaningful, long-term reductions in aviation’s environmental footprint.
DEMI-FORMAL EDUCATION OF AME: A CAUSE OF CONCERN?
India’s ambition to emerge as a global Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) hub is gathering momentum, driven by rapid fleet expansion, policy support under “Make in India,” and increasing civil–military convergence. However, this growth trajectory exposes a structural vulnerability of “demi-formal” nature of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) education. While CAR-147 regulatory compliance ensures licensing standards, the prevailing education model remains largely examination oriented, operating outside mainstream engineering accreditation frameworks and offering limited systems-level depth. As modern aircraft evolve into highly integrated digital ecosystems requiring data driven diagnostics, composite expertise and predictive maintenance analytics, procedural competence alone is insufficient.
The article argues that the current asymmetry between infrastructure expansion and human capital development poses long term strategic risks to India’s MRO competitiveness. To address these challenges, the article advocates structural reform through alignment of AME programs with accredited engineering pathways, strengthened laboratory and research ecosystems, embedded business and quality education and enhanced civil–military synergy. Moving beyond compliance toward comprehensive engineering excellence is positioned as essential for sustaining India’s long-term aerospace credibility and realizing its MRO ambitions.
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE 2.0: ADVANTAGE AI AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
Aircraft maintenance is transitioning from traditional, preventive methods to smarter, AI-driven predictive strategies. While age-based maintenance applies to only 18% of systems, 82% benefit from condition-based approaches, reducing downtime and human error. AI, IoT, data analytics, and drone inspections enable real-time monitoring, improving safety and cost efficiency. New strategies like Progressive Maintenance and IRAN emphasize flexibility and accuracy. Legacy and modern aircraft both gain from predictive maintenance. Emerging technologies like AR/VR, robotics, and digital twinning are shaping the industry's future. For Indian MROs to stay relevant, adapting to these advanced technologies and upskilling the workforce is essential.
C-295 MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT: IMPACT ON INDIA’S DEFENCE AND AEROSPACE COMPLEX
The new Tata Aircraft Complex in Vadodara marks India's first private Final Assembly Line (FAL) for military aircraft, managed by Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL) in collaboration with Airbus Defence. This facility will assemble, test, and maintain C-295 aircraft to replace India's ageing AVRO fleet, with 16 units from Spain and 40 assembled in India by 2031. With advanced features like short take-off capability and indigenous electronic warfare systems, the C-295 suits varied tactical missions. This project represents a transformative step for India’s aerospace manufacturing and could lead to further defense collaborations, enhancing India’s private sector MRO capabilities.
CIVIL AVIATION MRO: ALL ROADS LEADING TO INDIA
The Indian domestic airline capacity has grown faster than international capacity, averaging 8.7% annually ( between 2005-2024), compared to 6% global growth . The growth is likely to continue, leading to increased demand for services. Maintenance requirement will increase and the MRO of India will grow substantially. With the right kind of impetus by the Government, towards taxation, relaxation in land lease rates, drastic reduction in GST and skill development, MRO industry in India is at the cusp of taking a giant leap. Government of India’s policies, Industries overall growth, foreign collaboration, push towards synergy between civil and military all are being polarised for making India a destination for aviation MRO services. This article brings out certain historical facts, present state and various issues that need tweaking to fast forward the process.
Civil Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) Companies as Strategic Assets
Airpower plays a major role in a war and achieving the goals of war is unthinkable without having Air superiority over the adversary. In case of a prolonged conflict sustaining Air Superiority will depend on maintaining required number of Combat aircraft at all times. In an event of hostilities, the resources of Commercial Airlines and Railways are used for movement of men and material. However, using civil aircraft Maintenance and Repair organisations (MRO) during the war is not a case of ‘form fit and function’. To ensure availability of combat aircraft in required numbers, maximum permissible latitude in terms of flying hours and landings is used. In case of a prolonged conflict indiscriminate use of latitude will lead to sudden bunching of aircraft and any advantage gained till then can be lost. It is therefore essential that the resources of civil MRO are pooled in to reduce the turnaround time (TAT) and ensure that the minimum required aircraft are available in combat ready state. Civil-Military Co-operation in Aircraft MRO sector during peace time is essential to develop expertise and parallel facility that can fill up the capacity gap. GOI has given required push in its policies and approach for making India as an MRO Hub. A synergy amongst civil aircraft MRO and Military services is necessary. Both entities should interleave their annual task of maintenance in such a manner that in case of hostilities the Civil MROs add up to the required capacity. Close co-ordination between MoD and MoCA can help in laying down the policies and MROs can be used in times of National Security needs.